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Igesi yemvelo iya ngokuya iqashelwa njengomthombo wamandla wenguquko obalulekile ekususeni ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi eziyingozi njengamalahle namafutha, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokubasa ezihlanzekile nokwethembeka. I-United States, njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili, inikela cishe ngama-25% okunikezwayo komhlaba wonke, nezifunda ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezihlanganisa iTexas, iPennsylvania, neLouisiana. Naphezu kokuba insiza enomkhawulo, igesi yemvelo ibalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamandla, ibalwa ku-33% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi e-US ngo-2022 futhi isekela imisebenzi engaba yizigidi ezingu-9.8, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise umnotho. Izindlela zokumba, njengokumba okujwayelekile kanye ne-hydraulic fracturing, ziye zanyusa ukukhiqizwa kodwa futhi zaphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwemvelo njengokukhishwa kwe-methane nokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Nakuba ingahlukaniswa njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, igesi yemvelo isebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile lezixazululo ezisimeme, ngokuthuthuka kwegesi yemvelo evuselelekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula ikhabhoni okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo. Ikusasa lale mboni lizoncika ekuguquguqukeni kwezimakethe, ekwandiseni amapayipi, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, konke ngesikhathi kubhekwana nezinselelo zemvelo kanye nokuncipha kwezinsiza. Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela kumandla ahlanzekile, ukutshala imali ezixazululweni zegesi yemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka kwamandla kanye nokwethembeka. Umbiko othi "Ikusasa Legesi Yemvelo" ovela kwa-MIT ugqamisa indima yemithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo sesikhathi esizayo ngenkathi ibambelela ezithimbeni zokukhishwa kwesikhutha. Iveza izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugcina ukuncintisana emakethe ethonywe amanani e-CO2. Igesi yemvelo, eyayinganakwa ngaphambili, manje isiwumgogodla wezingxoxo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okubalulekile kugesi, izimboni, nokushisisa, kanye namandla ayo okunciphisa ukuncika kukawoyela kwezokuthutha. Ukuqashelwa kwemithombo yegesi enkulu engajwayelekile e-US kuqhubekisele phambili ingxoxo mayelana negesi yemvelo "njengebhuloho" lekusasa elinekhabhoni ephansi. Njengoba i-US ihlose ukunciphisa ngo-50-52% ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngo-2030, ukubaluleka kwegesi yemvelo kuyakhula. I-Shale Revolution imise kabusha isimo samandla, okwenza i-US yaba umkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu futhi ivumela ukuthunyelwa okubalulekile kwamanye amazwe, okunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha avela kwamanye amazwe. Igesi yemvelo ikhipha i-CO2 efika ku-60% ngaphansi kwamalahle, idlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ikhabhoni, naphezu kokugxekwa kwezindlela zokuyikhipha njenge-fracking. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali ezintweni ezivuselelekayo ezifana nelanga nomoya kuqhubeka, isimo sakhona ngezikhathi ezithile sidinga ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo ukuze kusimame igridi, okugqanyiswe ukucinywa kukagesi kwakamuva e-California nase-Texas. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo njengoba kuhlanganisa ukushintshela ezintweni ezivuselelekayo. Imizamo efana ne-One Future coalition ihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-methane nokukhuthaza igesi yemvelo evuselelekayo, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuthatha ikhabhoni nokugcinwa kuthuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela yemvelo. Njengoba amandla adinga ukukhuphuka, igesi yemvelo ibekwe ukuthi idlale indima ebalulekile ekufezeni imigomo yamandla ahlanzekile kuyilapho iqinisekisa amandla athembekile.
Igesi yemvelo imvamisa kuthiwa iyibhuloho likaphethiloli ekuguqukeleni kwethu esikhathini esizayo samandla esimeme. Kodwa ingabe kuyisihluthulelo sokuvula ikusasa eliluhlaza kusasa? Ake sihlole lo mbuzo ndawonye. Abaningi bethu bakhathazekile ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nesidingo esikhulu semithombo yamandla ehlanzekile. Amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi abe umgogodla wokuphakela kwethu amandla amashumi eminyaka, kodwa umthelela wawo kwezemvelo awunakuphikwa. Njengoba ngizulazula empilweni yami yansuku zonke, ngivame ukuzithola ngizibuza: singabhalansisa kanjani izidingo zethu zamandla nempilo yeplanethi yethu? Igesi yemvelo imvamisa yethulwa njengenye indlela ehlanzekile esikhundleni samalahle namafutha. Ikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa ambalwa lapho eshisiwe, okuzwakala sengathi kuyathembisa. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa nokuthuthwa kwegesi yemvelo kungaholela ekukhishweni okukhulu kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla. Lokhu kungqubuzana kushiya abaningi bethu bedidekile. Ukuhlola ngempela ukuthi igesi yemvelo ingaba yingxenye yekusasa elisimeme, kudingeka sicabangele izici ezimbalwa: 1. Ukushintsha usuka Emalahleni: Ezifundeni lapho amalahle asewumthombo wamandla oyinhloko, ukushintshela kwigesi yemvelo kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi. Ngikubonile lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, lapho umoya ohlanzekile kanye nezinyathelo zekhabhoni ephansi kuyizinzuzo ezibonakalayo. 2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo: Igesi yemvelo ingahambisana nemithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga nomoya. Uma ilanga lingashisi noma umoya ungavunguzi, izitshalo zegesi yemvelo zingakhuphuka ngokushesha ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kubalulekile njengoba sikhulisa ukuthembela kwethu emithonjeni yamandla ngezikhathi ezithile. 3. Izinto Ezintsha Zezobuchwepheshe: Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokubanjwa nokugcinwa kwekhabhoni (CCS) ingasiza ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela ezinsizeni zegesi yemvelo. Ngifunde ngentuthuko ethokozisayo kulo mkhakha, enganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo. 4. Ukusimama Kwesikhathi Eside: Nakuba igesi yemvelo ingase ibe uphethiloli wesikhashana, kufanele sigxile ekuthuthukiseni imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ngempela. Ngivame ukuzithola ngicabanga ngemithelela yesikhathi eside yokuthembela kunoma iyiphi i-fossil fuel, ngisho naleyo eshisa isicoci. Sengiphetha, igesi yemvelo ingase idlale indima ekushintsheni kwethu esikhathini esizayo samandla esimeme kakhudlwana, kodwa ayiyona inhlamvu yesiliva. Kubalulekile ukukala izinzuzo ngezindleko zemvelo futhi uhlale uzibophezele ekutshaleni imali kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili, asigcine ingxoxo iqhubeka futhi sihlole zonke izindlela zokuzuza iplanethi eluhlaza.
Igesi yemvelo ibilokhu iyindatshana eshisayo muva nje, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Abaningi bethu banomuzwa omncane wokukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla futhi bafuna izisombululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezingabizi kakhulu. Yilapho igesi yemvelo iqala khona ukusebenza, ihlinzeka ngoshintsho lwegeyimu olungase lube khona ngezidingo zethu zamandla. Asibhekane nakho: izikweletu zethu zamandla ngezinye izikhathi zingase zizwe sengathi zigibele i-rollercoaster, zidubula ezikhathini ezingezinhle kakhulu. Kuyakhungathekisa, akunjalo? Nami ngike ngaba khona—ngizibuza ukuthi ngizowugcina kanjani umuzi wami unethezekile ngaphandle kokugqekeza. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi igesi yemvelo ingasiza ekwehliseni lo mthwalo. Okokuqala, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi yini eyenza igesi yemvelo ibe yinto ekhanga kangaka. Ichichima, ayibizi kakhulu, futhi ikhiqiza umoya omncane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Uma ubheke ukwehlisa i-carbon footprint yakho ngenkathi wonga imali ethile, ukushintshela kugesi wemvelo kungase kube indlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Manje, singawavula kanjani amandla egesi yemvelo ezimpilweni zethu? Nazi izinyathelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele: 1. Cwaninga Izinketho Zakho: Hlola ukuthi igesi yemvelo iyatholakala yini endaweni yangakini. Izinsiza eziningi zasendaweni zinikeza ulwazi lokuthi ushintsha kanjani. 2. Hlola Impahla Yakho: Uma okwamanje usebenzisa izinto zikagesi, cabanga ukuthuthukela ezinguqulweni zegesi yemvelo. Isibonelo, izitofu zegesi nezifudumezi zamanzi zingasebenza kahle futhi zingabizi. 3. Xhumana Nochwepheshe: Kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthola iseluleko sochwepheshe. Xhumana nosonkontileka bendawo abangahlola ikhaya lakho futhi bancome izixazululo ezingcono kakhulu zegesi yemvelo ezifanelana nezidingo zakho. 4. Cabangela Ukonga Kwesikhathi Eside: Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kungase kubonakale kunzima, ukonga kwesikhathi eside ezikweletini zakho zamandla kungase kube okuphawulekayo. Kumayelana nokudlala umdlalo omude. 5. Hlala Unolwazi: Qaphela izitayela zamandla nemithetho yendawo. Izimakethe zegesi yemvelo zingashintshashintsha, futhi ukwaziswa kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezingcono. Sengiphetha, ukwamukela igesi yemvelo kungashintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla. Ngokuqonda izinzuzo zayo nokuthatha izinyathelo ezingenziwa, asikwazi nje ukonga imali kodwa futhi sinikele endaweni ehlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, kungani ungahloli le nketho? Phela, uguquko oluncane lungaholela ekongeni okubalulekile kanye nekusasa elisimeme.
Ukukhishwa kwegesi yemvelo ngokuvamile kubonakala njengobubi obudingekayo ekufuneni amandla. Abaningi bethu bakhathazekile ngomthelela wemvelo, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla, kanye nokungaqiniseki kwemithombo evuselelekayo. Ngikuzwile ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezinsiza kanye nokukhathazeka kokuguquguquka kwempahla yamandla. Ngakho-ke, kuthiwani uma ngikutshela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi yemvelo kungase kube ukhiye wekusasa lamandla elizinzile nelisimeme? Ake sihlaziye izizathu zokuthi kungani igesi yemvelo ingase ibe namandla emhlabeni wakusasa. Okokuqala, igesi yemvelo ihlanzekile kunezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Uma ushiswa, ukhipha isikhutha esincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namalahle namafutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushintshela kugesi yemvelo, singehlisa i-carbon footprint yethu iyonke sibe sisahlangabezana nezidingo zethu zamandla. Cabanga ngezwe lapho izimboni zethu zikagesi zisebenza ngophethiloli ohlanzekile, okusivumela ukuba siphefumule kalula. Ngokulandelayo, igesi yemvelo iyinsada. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokumba, ikakhulukazi ukuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kanye nokubhola okuvundlile, manje sesiyakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezibekiwe ebezingafinyeleleki phambilini. Le nala ingaholela emananini azinzile kanye nokuncika kancane kuwoyela wangaphandle. Ngikhumbula izinsuku lapho amanani entengo kaphethiloli enyuka ngokungalindelekile, ebangela ikhanda lebhajethi. Ukunikezwa kwegesi yemvelo okuqhubekayo kungasiza ukuzinzisa lezo zindleko futhi kusinikeze indawo yokuphefumula yezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igesi yemvelo isebenza njengophethiloli othembekile webhuloho. Njengoba sishintshela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya nelanga, sisadinga ikhophi yasenqolobaneni enokwethenjelwa lapho ilanga lingashisi, noma umoya ungavunguzi. Izitshalo zegesi yemvelo zingakhuphuka ngokushesha ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo, ziqinisekise ukuthi sinamandla lapho siwadinga kakhulu. Lokhu kwethembeka kungaba wushintsho kumabhizinisi nasemizini ngokufanayo, kunciphise ukwesaba ukucisha ugesi ngezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kakhulu. Okokugcina, ukutshala izimali kwingqalasizinda yegesi yemvelo kungadala amathuba emisebenzi futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. Ukusuka ekukhishweni kuya ekusabalaliseni, imboni yegesi yemvelo inikeza inhlobonhlobo yamathuba omsebenzi. Ngizibonele mathupha ukuthi umkhakha wezamandla ochumayo ungathuthukisa kanjani imiphakathi futhi uqhubekisele phambili nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Sengiphetha, nakuba ukukhipha igesi yemvelo kungase kungabi yisixazululo esiphelele, kunikeza indlela engokoqobo eya phambili endaweni yethu yamandla. Ngokwamukela igesi yemvelo, singakwazi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukusimamisa amanani entengo, sisekele ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi, futhi siqinisekise ukutholakala kwamandla okuthembekile njengoba sisebenzela ikusasa eliluhlaza. Imayelana nokuthola ibhalansi, futhi igesi yemvelo ingaba ibhuloho esilidingayo ukuze sifike lapho.
Njengoba ngihlala phansi ukuze ngicabange ngekusasa lamandla, angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngizizwa ngikhungathekile. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungqongqoza emnyango wethu namandla omhlaba afuna ukukhuphuka, sonke sifuna leyo nhlamvu yesiliva. Ingabe igesi yemvelo iyimpendulo ebesiyilindile? Ake sikuhlukanise lokhu. Into yokuqala efika emqondweni wukukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokubasa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ngizwe inqwaba yabangane nomndeni bezwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwabo mayelana nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nomthelela emhlabeni wethu. Iphuzu lobuhlungu langempela. Sifuna umoya ohlanzekile, isimo sezulu esizinzile, kanye nekusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngakho, igesi yemvelo ingena kanjani kulesi sithombe? Hhayi-ke, kuvame ukuthathwa njengenye indlela ehlanzekile esikhundleni samalahle namafutha. Uma ushiswa, ukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abangcolile. Kwabaningi, lokhu kubonakala kuyisinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele. Kodwa nakhu lapho kuba nzima khona. Igesi yemvelo isewuphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, futhi ukukhishwa kwayo kungaba yingozi emvelweni, ikakhulukazi ngemikhuba efana ne-fracking. Ukubhekana nale nkinga, ngiphakamisa ukuthi sicabangele izinyathelo ezimbalwa: 1. Imfundo: Ukuqonda umthelela ogcwele wegesi yemvelo kubalulekile. Kudingeka sibheke ngale kwangaphandle futhi singene ezindlekweni zemvelo zokukhipha nokusetshenziswa. 2. Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Ezintweni Ezivuselelekayo: Nakuba igesi yemvelo ingase ivale igebe, akufanele sikhohlwe umgomo omkhulu: ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya nelanga. 3. Ukumela Inqubomgomo: Kubalulekile ukusekela izinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza izixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile. Ukuxhumana nabamele indawo kungakhulisa amazwi ethu. 4. Ukuxoxisana Komphakathi: Izinhlelo zasendaweni zingenza umehluko. Ukujoyina amaqembu omphakathi agxile ekusimameni kungasiza ekuqhubekiseni ushintsho kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Sengiphetha, nakuba igesi yemvelo ingase ibe nendima ekusaseni lethu lamandla, ayisona isisombululo. Kudingeka silinganise izinzuzo zayo ngokumelene nezinkinga zayo futhi siqhubeke nokulwela umhlaba oluhlaza, osimeme. Asigcine ingxoxo iqhubeka futhi sisebenzisane ukuze sibe nekusasa eliqhakazile lamandla. Phela, izigxobo ziphezulu kakhulu ukuba ungazinaki. Unentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezitayela nezisombululo zemboni? Xhumana no-XIE: kepeiaochem@gmail.com/WhatsApp ++8618039354564.
Imeyili kulo mthengisi
Isitatimende Sobumfihlo: Ubumfihlo bakho bubaluleke kakhulu kithina. Inkampani yethu ithembisa ukungadaluli imininingwane yakho kunoma yikuphi ukuveza izimvume zakho ezicacile.
Gcwalisa eminye imininingwane ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana nawe ngokushesha
Isitatimende Sobumfihlo: Ubumfihlo bakho bubaluleke kakhulu kithina. Inkampani yethu ithembisa ukungadaluli imininingwane yakho kunoma yikuphi ukuveza izimvume zakho ezicacile.
