Izindlela Zokuphathwa Kwamanzi Ezijwayelekile
November 13, 2023
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuhlanza amanzi okuhlanza amanzi, kufaka phakathi amanzi angaphezulu namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, aqukethe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene okuhlukile. Ukungcola okuqukethwe emthonjeni wamanzi kungahlukaniswa kube yindaba emisiwe, udaba lwe-colloidal kanye nendaba encibilikisiwe ngokuya ngosayizi wabo wezinhlayiya kanye nefomu elikhona. Ukungcola emanzini kungahlukaniswa futhi kube yindaba ye-inorganic, izinto eziphilayo kanye ne-microorganism. Isici esiyinhloko sama-solids amisiwe yisimo esimisiwe emanzini ahamba emanzini. Amanzi akhanyayo ayantanta emanzini asindayo futhi acwila emanzini asindayo. Into emile imingcwayi emanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ichitha imali, ubumba olubumbana olubunjiwe noma amaminerali, njll. Lokhu kungcola kunengxenye enkulu futhi kulula ukucwila. Izinto eziphilayo ezinjengokhula lwasemanzini, ukukhiqizwa kabusha okuncane kwepulangwe elithile (njenge-algae, amagciwane, noma i-protozoa) nezinsalela zabafileyo, kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezivela ku-organic kusuka ekuthundleweni. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu, ezinjengokhula lwe-aquatic, zisuswa kalula, ngenkathi kunzima ukulususa. Ukungcola kwe-colloidal emanzini emvelo kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ama-colloids we-inorganic (ama-silicic colloids, ubumba ama-colloids) nama-organic colloids (amaprotheni ahlukahlukene, njll.). Ukungcola kwe-colloidal kuzinzile emanzini futhi ungahlali ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kushiywe isikhathi eside. Izinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini emvelo yilezi: Oxygen (O2) ne-Carbon Dioxide (CO2) ikakhulukazi zikhona emanzini esimweni samangqamuzana. Isimo se-ionic emanzini ngokuyisisekelo umphumela wosawoti we-inorganic oncibilikisiwe emanzini, njenge-calcium, i-magnesium, insimbi, i-carbonate, sulfate, chloride, nokunye okunjalo. Ukungcola okuncibilikile akunakususwa nganoma iyiphi indlela noma indlela ye-agglomeraling, kushesha futhi kuhlakazeka ngendlela efanayo emanzini. Ngenxa yokuphikisana kanye nezikhala phakathi kwekhwalithi yemithombo yamanzi yemvelo kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi ngekhwalithi yamanzi, kufanele sisebenzise izindlela zokwelashwa zamanzi ezithuthukile zokwenza izindlela zemvelo zokwenziwa ngokungcola ziba yiminye imimoya ehlangabezana nempilo noma izidingo zokukhiqiza. 
Okulandelayo incazelo emfushane yezindlela ezithile ezisetshenziswayo zokwelashwa kwamanzi:
Cacisa Amatshe okucacisa amanzi asuswa ikakhulukazi ama-solids kanye nezinto ze-colloidal emanzini aluhlaza, anciphise ukulungiswa kwalezi zinto emanzini avundayo. Inqubo ethile yokwelashwa ingahlukaniswa ngokuthi: Ukubambelela, ukuhanjiswa kwezulu kanye nokuhlunga. (1) Ukugqekeza Emanzi aluhlaza, umenzeli (ukuhlanza amanzi) ukwenza umenzeli kanye namanzi aluhlaza ahlanganiswe ngokwanele (ie, inqubo yokuhlangana yenziwa ethangini lokuphendula), ukuze kufakwe indalo ye-colloidal kanye nokungcola okulonakalisayo Amanzi akha i-Floc enkulu ye-Floc okuyinto okulula ukuyicisha, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi imbali. " (2) Imvula Ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuhlangana, amanzi avuthiwe angena nge-floc enkulu ukugeleza ethangini elisedimertation ngesilinganiso esithile sokugeleza, ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi ethangini lamanzi, kanye nokungcola okukhulu emanzini ethangi lokudonsela phansi . Inqubo yokuhlanza engenhla nayo ingaphothulwa yi-Clialifier, okuyindlela yokucubungula ehlanganisa ukusabela nokuvulwa kwezulu. (3) isihlungi Ngemuva kokudlula kwamanzi okubomvu ngokuhlangana nokuqina kwamanzi kuncishiswe kakhulu, kepha ukungcola okuhle kusalokhu kuhlale endle edonswa echibini ngethangi lokuqoqa, futhi kudlule imidiya ye-granular (njenge Isihlabathi se-Quartz, amalahle anthracite, njll.) Ethangini lokuhlunga. Ukugcinwa kokungcola okuhle emanzini kunciphisa ukuqina kwamanzi. Lapho i-turbidity yamanzi avuthiwe iphansi, amanzi avuthiwe ngemuva komjovo wamakhemikhali angafaka futhi inqubo yokuhlunga ngqo ngaphandle kokugxuma, ukudepha, nokunye. Inqubo engenhla ye-Clification (ukugeleza, ukuhanjiswa kwezulu, kanye ne-filltration) akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukulungiswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, kepha futhi kuyasebenza ekususweni kombala, amagciwane namagciwane. Ngamanzi aluhlaza anobunzima obukhulu, amathangi edimentation noma amathangi okuhlalisa kwangaphambili ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukususa izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezinkulu. 2. Ukubulala amagciwane Lapho amanzi eluhlaza afakwa ngaphansi kokugxuma, i-sedimentation kanye ne-filtration, ugeleza ungene ethangini lamanzi elicacile ngepayipi futhi kufanele abulawe amagciwane ngokubulala amagciwane amanzi nge-chlorine, i-powder yokubulala ama-microgenic ama- microgenic emanzini. Kukhona nezindlela zokubulala amagciwane emanzini asebenzisa imisebe ye-ozone noma ye-ultraviolet. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela ezimbili ezingenhla kwezindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi, ezinye izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelashwa zingukuqala, i-deodorization, ukususwa kwensimbi; ukuthambisa, ukuncipha kanye nokuncishiswa. Ngokuya ngekhwalithi ehlukene yamanzi eluhlaza kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi ephethwe, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa zodwa, noma izindlela eziningana zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ukwakha amasistimu wokwelashwa ahlukile. Ekuhlanzeni kwamanzi, kuvame ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha eziningana ukufeza inhloso yokulinganisela kwamanzi.
